MICROBIOLOGY; is the study of microscopic organisms, that being unicellular (means single cell), multi-cellular (meaning many cell also called cell colony) or acellular (means those that lack cells).
Microbiology consists of a lots of disciplines which including Virology, Myccology, Parasitology, and Bacteriology.
The study of micro-organisms is impossible without the microscope. Therefore microscopes provide magnification which enables us to see micro-organisms, Go to the link https://bit.ly/2HspYtf to learn more about Microscope.
Eukaryotic microorganisms possess membrane-bound organelles and including Fungi and Protists, where Prokaryotic organisms all of which are microorganisms conventionally classified as lacking membrane bound organelles and including Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.
Microbiologist traditionally depend on culture, staining, and microscopy. Therefore about less than 1% of the the microorganisms present in some environment can be culture in isolation.
Microbiologist also relied on extraction or detection of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA sequences.
Viruses have been variably classified as organisms, because they have been considered either as very simple or complex microorganisms. Prions (misfolded protein), never consider as microorganisms, this have been investigate by Virologists however as the clinical effects traced to them were originally appeared to be the most probable due to chronic viral infections, and Virologists took their search discovering 'infectious proteins' .
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| Research of Viral Disease in Microbiology lab. |
Branches of Microbiology
The branches of microbiology can be Pure and Applied Sciences. Microbiology can be also classified based on taxonomy, in the cases of Bacteriology, Mycology, Protozoology and Phycology.
PURE MICROBIOLOGY
-Bacteriology: This is the study of Bacteria
-Mycology: This is the study of Fungi
-Protozoology: Is the study of Protozoa
-Phycology: This is the study of Algae
-Parasitology: This is the study of Parasites
-Immunology: This is the study of Immune system
-Virology: This is the study of Viruses
-Nematology: This is the study of Nematodes
-Microbial Cytology: The study of microscopic and submicroscopic details of microorganisms.
-Microbial Physiology: The study of how microbial cell functions biochemically. Including the study of microbial growth, microbial metabolism and microbial cell structure.
-Microbial Ecology: The relationship between microorganisms and their environment.
-Microbial Genetics: This is the study of how genes are organized and regulated in microbes in relation to their cellular functions is related to molecular biology.
-Cellular Microbiology: This is the study of Cell Biology
-Evolutionary Microbiology: The study of the evalution of microbes. This branch of biology can be sub-dived into 2; (i) Microbial taxonomy: This is the naming and classifying of microorganisms.
(ii) Microbial Systematic: This is the study of diversity and genetic relationship of microorganisms.
-Generation Microbiology: This is the study of those microorganisms that have the same characters as their parents.
-Systems Microbiology: The study of systems and biology
-Molecular Biology: The study of the molecular principles of the physiological process in microorganisms.
-Nano Microbiology: This is the study of those organisms on nano level
-Exo-microbiology or Astro-microbiology: The study of seen list of microorganisms tested in outer space.
-Biohazardous Threat agen microbiology: The study of those microorganisms which are been used in weapon industries.
-Predictive microbiology: the quantification of relations between controlling factors in foods and responses of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms using mathematical analysis.
Applied Microbiology
-Medical microbiology: This the study of the pathogenic microbes and the role of microbes in human illness. And is related to the study of diseases pathology and immunology.
This field is also covered the study of human microbiota, cancer, and the tumor micro-environment.
-Pharmaceutical microbiology: This is the study of microorganisms that are related to the production of antibiotics, enzymes, vitamins, vaccines and other pharmaceutical products that causes pharmaceutical contamination.
-Industrial Microbiology: The exploitation of microbes for use in industrial process. Examples; Industrial fermentation and wastewater treatment. This linked to the biotechnology industry. This field also includes brewing.
-Microbial Biotechnology: the manipulation of microorganisms at the genetic and molecular level to generate useful products.
-Food microbiology: the study of microorganisms which causes food spoilage and foodborne illness, also use of microorganism to produce foods examples; fermentation
-Agricultural microbiology: The study of agriculturally relevant microorganisms. This field can be classified into 2 namely; (i) Plant microbiology and plant pathology: the study of the interactions between microorganisms and plants pathogens.
(ii) Soil microbiology: the study of microorganisms that are found in the soil.
-Veterinary microbiology: the study of the role of microbes in veterinary medicine or animal taxonomy.
-Environmental microbiology: The study of the function and diversity of microbes in their natural environments. This involves the characterization of key bacterial habitats such as the rhizosphere and phyllosphere; soil and groundwater ecosystems, open oceans or extreme environments (extremophiles). This field also includes other branches of microbiology such as;
1) Microbial ecology
2) Microbially mediated nutrient cycling
3) Geomicrobiology
4) Microbial diversity
5) Bioremediation
-Water microbiology or aquatic microbiology: This is the study of microorganisms that are found in water.
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| Research of Human Immune Deficiency Virus in microbiology lab. |
Research of Zika Virus in microbiology lab.
